Understanding Mixed Martial Arts And Its Rules.

What is MMA?

Mixed martial arts, or MMA, is a modern full-contact sport that allows fighters to use punches, kicks, slams, and locks in combat. MMA is a combination of attacking techniques in boxing, muay thai, karate, taekwondo, and many more. While the slamming, locking, and takedown techniques mostly come from judo, jujitsu, and wrestling. The birth of MMA must also follow with the emergence of Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), the result of ideas from Art Davie, Rorion Gracie, and John Millius. They launched a tournament with 8 participants with minimal rules (except biting and eye-catching) and time limits, to prove what fighting technique was the most effective in the world. In addition, one of the initiators of the UFC, namely Rorion Gracie, also has a mission for the Gracie family to spread the Gracie Jujitsu technique, or Brazilian Jujitsu worldwide. And he thinks this is the best way to prove the efficacy of Gracie Jujitsu's moves.

 

Early History of MMA

The history of MMA as a modern sport cannot be separated from the history of the emergence of the UFC.

The inaugural UFC was created in 1993 in Nevada, Colorado USA. At first, UFC 1 lacked regulations except for a no-biting and eye-catching ban, and a time limit. Participants are allowed to use the martial arts uniform they adhere to, and even allow a boxer to use only one boxing glove. The fight is stopped when a fighter surrenders or a member of the fighter camp throws a towel to stop the fight. A referee is present in the fight but his share is very minimal and the safety of the fighter is not so guaranteed. Without regulations, the early UFC was considered a brutal event that was banned by many US states.

The Evolution of MMA Regulation

Over time, and the great desire of the early founders of the UFC to make MMA a recognized sporting event, rule after rule began to coat every UFC event.

Since the purchase of the UFC brand by Zuffa (founded by Frank and Lorenzo Fertitta, former owners of a Las Vegas casino), and driven by Dana White (a childhood friend of the Fertitta brothers), the UFC has moved closer to the athletic commission and began to establish rules and divisions. The weight that the UFC has until now used, in fact the majority of MMA organizations around the world use the rules approved by the United States athletic commission and become the world's de facto MMA rules. The MMA rules in use today are called the Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts.

 

What are the Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts?

In an MMA fight, the general rules are:

-Permitted hitting, elbowing, striking with the shoulder, and kicking in the head except the back of the head, back of the neck, and along the spine (avoiding the central nervous area).

- Fighters are allowed to use locks, except for locks on small joints such as fingers and toes.

-If both fighters are on the floor (hands and feet touch the floor), the Unified Rules of MMA do not allow the fighter to hit the opponent's head with the knee (previously PRIDE events allowed), and vertical elbows are not allowed from top to bottom (12 o'clock to the clock) 6).

-Except for PRIDE and ONE FC now, fighters are prohibited from kicking the opponent's head (soccer kick) and stepping on the head of an opponent who is on the floor.

-PRIDE also prohibits the use of elbows in any form.

– Other fouls if: attacking the pubic, biting, scratching, pulling hair, holding the cage so that the opponent is unable to take down the opponent, timidity (the fighter is reluctant to attack the opponent), attacking the back of the head and along the spine, elbowing vertically from top to bottom when opponent is on the floor, and of course not obeying the referee. If one of the violations is committed, the referee will give a warning, and if the fighter continues to commit a foul, the referee can reduce the points, and if the fighter still violates the referee can stop the fight and result in disqualification.

-In the event of inactivity or passiveness between fighters, the referee allows a position reset, that is, if both fighters do not launch an attack while on the floor to return to their feet. If inactivity occurs while in a clinch position, the referee can separate the two fighters and return to fight in the middle of the cage or ring. If inactivity occurs when both fighters are standing and not attacking, the referee may admonish both fighters with the call "Fight!", or "Let's work!" depending on the referee.

The Unified Mixed Martial Arts Rules also do not allow fighters to wear gi, or uniforms commonly used by practitioners of judo, jujitsu, karate, and others except shorts and require the use of gloves, mouth guards, and pubic guards. The PRIDE organization used to be that even the early UFC allowed fighters to wear gi (PRIDE) or wrestling boots (UFC).

 

Cage or Ring?

An MMA fight can be done in a cage like UFC, Bellator, ONE FC, etc. or a ring like PRIDE, DREAM, M-1 GLOBAL, and others.

MMA Fight Duration

An MMA fight lasts 3 rounds of 5 minutes per round, and for a belt championship it takes 5 rounds every 5 minutes. This time duration format is the one commonly used for MMA events and is endorsed by the Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts. The UFC has also held non-championship fights (not winning the belt but the main event) for 5 rounds.

The UFC's initial rival, PRIDE (an international standard MMA organization from Japan 1997-2007) had a slightly different time format. The first round is 10 minutes long, while the second and third rounds are 5 minutes long. This time duration is the same for non-championship or championship fights.

 

Scoring In MMA

MMA scoring, although it has been heavily criticized by MMA athletes, is similar to boxing's scoring system. Where one round uses a 10 point must-system. The dominant fighter will be awarded 10 points based on effectiveness in attack, takedown, and cage control. MMA scoring is done by three judges selected from the athletic commission and not from the MMA organization.

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